DESCRIPTION: The CS650 measures dielectric permittivity, bulk electrical conductivity (EC) and soil temperature and uses these measurements to estimate soil-water content for a wide range of mineral soils. Innovative techniques allow this new reflectometer to make more accurate water content measurements in soils with bulk EC up to 0.8 dS m-1, without performing a soil-specific calibration. The CS650 has 30 cm rods and a sensing volume of 7.8 liters.